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Chapter 4 Colonial New York European Explorers Why did European
explores come to New York? Christopher
Columbus
believed he could find Asia by sailing west from Europe across the
Atlantic Ocean to find a new trade route for silks, spices, and gold.
In 1492 he sailed into one of the Bahama Islands and called the
Native Americans �Indians,� because he thought he was close to India.
This area wasn�t know to the Europeans. First
Contact in New York Who
was the first explorer to come to what is now called New York? The
king of France sent Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524 to find what lay
north of where Columbus sailed. He
sailed into New York Bay. He
knew it was not Asia, but a �new land.� Exploring
New York Who
explored New York? In
1536 a French explorer Jacques Cartier traveled from
the Atlantic up the St. Lawrence River to trade furs with the
Native Americans In
1608, Samuel de Champlain a French explorer built a permanent settlement
along the St. Lawrence River called Quebec.
He made allies of the Algonkians.
An ally is a friend whom one is united for a common purpose.
In 1609 he traveled south and arrived in what is now New York and
named a large lake after himself. He called it Lake Champlain. In
1609 Henry Hudson sailed for a Dutch trading company on the Half
Moon. He sailed up the deep river from the New York Bay now called the
Hudson River. He didn�t find
a route to Asia, but the Dutch claimed this land in North
America. New
Netherland What
was New Netherland? The
Dutch West India Complany's goal was to send settlers from the Netherlands who
would trade fur and animal skins for Dutch products to set up a colony
(a settlement ruled by another country). The
New Dutch Colony Where
was the new Dutch colony? The
new Dutch colony was called New Netherlands (parts of New York, New
Jersey, and Delaware) In 1624,
the first permanent European settlement in N.Y. was
called Fort Orange (now Albany).
Another city grew in Manhattan called New Amsterdam.
1626, Peter Minuit, governor of the colony (person in charge),
bought the Manhattan Island from the Lenni Lenape (Native American
group). Life
in New Amsterdam What
was life like for adults and children in New Amsterdam? Kids
sat by the fireplace to keep warm.
They did chores and
went to school in the morning. After
school they had more chores to do. Trade
and Settlement What
was traded and how did they get people to settle in the New Netherlands? The
Fur Trade What
did they trade? The
Native Americans traded furs (deer, mink, and beaver skins) to the Dutch
for cloth, knives, and guns, in the area mainly around Fort Orange. The
Patroon System What
was the Patroon System? A
plan by the D.W.I.C. (Dutch West India Company) to get more people to
settle in the New Netherlands was the patroon system.
It promised large amounts of land to anyone who brought 50 settlers
to the colony. This wasn�t
successful, but soon the laws were changed so more people were allowed to
own land. This made the colony
spread out. Peter
Stuyvesant Who
was Peter Stuyvesant? In
1647, Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New Netherlands.
He started a police force .
British New York
How did the
British take over the Dutch New Netherlands? The
British wanted to take over New Netherlands in 1664, so they would
have control of the Atlantic Coast from Georgia into eastern Canada.
The British Take
Over How did
the British take over? The
kings of England (British) said he would give his brother James, Duke of York, New Netherland. Not a Shot Was
Fired! Why
didn’t the Dutch fight? Peter
Stuyvesant’s of New Amsterdam guns were no match for the British
warships, so the citizens begged him to give up.
New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of James.
This led to the formation of the 13 colonies. The British Colony
Grows How
did it grow? Richard
Nicolls
was the first British governor of New York.
He was given the power to make laws and raise taxes ( money
people pay to the government so they can perform services).
People came to N.Y. The Zenger Trial
What did Zenger do wrong? He
made fun of the governor in his newspaper, the Weekly Journal, so
he was sent to jail and then to trial.
He was found not guilty. This
was an important step toward freedom of the press (the right of people to
print or tell the news). Long Island’s
Heritage of the Sea Why was the sea so
important to Long Island? The
Native Americans taught the Europeans hunt whales.
This important business then helped
the ship building business. Life in the New
York Colony (1685-1775) What was life like
in New York? Some
people worked as indentured servents who had to work for an employer in the colony
for a period of time, until they paid back their travel costs. New York’s New
People What people were
new at this time? People
from many countries came with their culture (the way of life of a
people, including their customs, beliefs, and language) to NY. In
1685, the French Huguenots settled in New Paltz to practice their
religion (protestant). In 1710
the Germans also settled in area around the Hudson River.
African Americans
in New York Why did they come
to NY? In
1745 1/5 (one fifth) of the people in New York were African Americans.
Some were free but most were slaves
(a person who was the property of another) and treated badly.
Life in the Hudson
River Valley How was life in
the Hudson River Valley? Farm Families
What did they
grow? Everyone
in the family had to work hard.
wheat
and corn were the main crops.
They tried to sell the wheat and use corn to feed the animals
and make their own food with it. Great Landowners Who were the great
land owners? The
Philipses set up a Philipsburg Manor (a
manor is a large piece of land that the owner rents in smaller plots
to a number of farmers). These
tenant farmers gave
part of what they grew to the owner in return for use of the land.
Farmers brought their wheat to the gristmill to have it ground. People Who Lived
on the Manor What was life like
on a manor? In
1686 Robert Livingston was a powerful landowner.
The tenant farmers grew wheat and planted vegetable gardens and
fruit orchards. They bought
supplies from stores owned by the manor. Town Life
What were the
largest towns? In
1750, Albany (11,000 people) and New York (13,000 people) were
the two largest communities in the NY colony. Life in Albany
What was life like
in Albany? There
were many shops, two churches, a courthouse, and a town hall.
Many were merchants, or people who bought and sold goods, and
owned boats. They shipped the
goods down the Hudson River to NY City. Life in New York
City
What was life like
in New York City? There were many buildings and inns with plenty of people and carriages on the streets. Some were wealthy merchants. Most merchants were British and French, but a some were Dutch. Many owned shops or inns. Others were tailors, bakers, barrel makers, carpenters, or blacksmiths who lived and worked in a double house (it had a business on the ground floor and a home upstairs). Most of the poor in New York were workers and servants.
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